[C] C 语言新手求助：如何在 vscode 中使用第三方库？

背景是这样的：最近闲着报了个深圳人社的 c 语言培训班。 完了之后想要把之前自己写的 python 图片处理脚本用 C 写一遍。 然后就发现没法引用第三方库(也许是自己哪里做错了)。

想要达成的目的

1. 在 vscode 中使用第三方库；
2. 了解我的 .vscode 里面的配置文件是不是哪里写错了？

当前情况及无法解决的问题(已 google 和 gpt)

以使用第三方库 fmt 为例，按照下述操作之后，在测试文件 test.c 里面输入 #include <f vscode 能自动联想出#include <fmt/format.h> ，但是在 debug 或 run without debug 时终端会报错以下内容 ：

#include errors detected. Please update your includePath. Squiggles are disabled for this translation unit (C:\Users\xxx\Desktop\C\test.c).

cannot open source file "cmath" (dependency of "C:\Users\xxx.vscode\extensions\ms-vscode.cpptools-1.20.5-win32-x64\bin\fmt\format.h"). Please run the 'Select IntelliSense Configuration...' command to locate your system headers.

fmt/format.h: No such file or directory

已经进行的操作

1. gcc/gdb 都已经正常安装并且可以在终端正常使用； 其中，gcc 路径为：C:\MinGW\bin\gcc.exe ; gdb 版本为 GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.1 ；

2. 包管理用的是 vcpkg; 安装到包的路径是：C:\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include

3. vscode 装了插件：C/C++ v1.20.5

4. 在 google 操作之后下来，之后相关文件内容如下：

c_cpp_properties.json：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include",
                "C:/MinGW/include"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.18362.0",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

tasks.json：

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "gcc build active file",
            "command": "gcc",
            "args": [
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-I",
                "C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include",
                "-L",
                "C:/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib",
                "-lfmt",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
            ],
            "group": "build"
        },
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: gcc.exe build active file",
            "command": "C:\\MinGW\\bin\\gcc.exe",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ]
}

launch.json：

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Attach",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "attach",
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                },
                {
                    "description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
                    "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }

    ]
}

测试脚本

#include <fmt/format.h>

int main(void){

    int a = 1;
    fmt::print("a is {}", a);
    
    return 0;
}